# Latent Variable Models

## Documentation for package ‘lava’ version 1.7.3

- DESCRIPTION file.
- User guides, package vignettes and other documentation.
- Code demos. Use demo() to run them.
- Package NEWS.

## Help Pages

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z misc

lava-package | Estimation and simulation of latent variable models

## -- A --

aalenExponential.lvm | Simulate model
addattr | For internal use
addhook | For internal use
addvar | Add variable to (model) object
addvar<- | Add variable to (model) object
adjMat | Extract children or parent elements of object
ancestors | Extract children or parent elements of object
as.sim | Monte Carlo simulation

## -- B --

backdoor | Backdoor criterion
baptize | Label elements of object
beta.lvm | Simulate model
Binary.lvm | Simulate model
binary.lvm | Simulate model
binomial.lvm | Simulate model
binomial.rd | Define constant risk difference or relative risk association for binary exposure
binomial.rr | Define constant risk difference or relative risk association for binary exposure
blockdiag | Combine matrices to block diagonal structure
bmd | Longitudinal Bone Mineral Density Data (Wide format)
bmidata | Data
bootstrap | Generic bootstrap method
bootstrap.lvm | Calculate bootstrap estimates of a lvm object
bootstrap.lvmfit | Calculate bootstrap estimates of a lvm object
brisa | Simulated data
By | Apply a Function to a Data Frame Split by Factors

## -- C --

calcium | Longitudinal Bone Mineral Density Data
cancel | Generic cancel method
cancel<- | Generic cancel method
categorical | Simulate model
categorical<- | Simulate model
checkmultigroup | For internal use
children | Extract children or parent elements of object
chisq.lvm | Simulate model
click | Identify points on plot
click.default | Identify points on plot
closed.testing | Closed testing procedure
CoefMat | For internal use
CoefMat.multigroupfit | For internal use
Col | Generate a transparent RGB color
colorbar | Add color-bar to plot
colsel | Identify points on plot
Combine | Report estimates across different models
commutation | Finds the unique commutation matrix
compare | Statistical tests
complik | Composite Likelihood for probit latent variable models
confband | Add Confidence limits bar to plot
confint.lvmfit | Calculate confidence limits for parameters
confint.multigroupfit | Calculate confidence limits for parameters
confpred | Conformal prediction
constant.lvm | Simulate model
constrain | Add non-linear constraints to latent variable model
constrain.default | Add non-linear constraints to latent variable model
constrain<- | Add non-linear constraints to latent variable model
constrain<-.default | Add non-linear constraints to latent variable model
constrain<-.multigroup | Add non-linear constraints to latent variable model
constraints | Add non-linear constraints to latent variable model
contr | Create contrast matrix
correlation | Generic method for extracting correlation coefficients of model object
covariance | Add covariance structure to Latent Variable Model
covariance.lvm | Add covariance structure to Latent Variable Model
covariance<- | Add covariance structure to Latent Variable Model
covariance<-.lvm | Add covariance structure to Latent Variable Model
covfix | Add covariance structure to Latent Variable Model
covfix.lvm | Add covariance structure to Latent Variable Model
covfix<- | Add covariance structure to Latent Variable Model
covfix<-.lvm | Add covariance structure to Latent Variable Model
coxExponential.lvm | Simulate model
coxGompertz.lvm | Simulate model
coxWeibull.lvm | Simulate model
csplit | Split data into folds
curly | Adds curly brackets to plot

## -- D --

decomp.specials | For internal use
density.sim | Plot method for simulation 'sim' objects
deriv | For internal use
descendants | Extract children or parent elements of object
describecoef | For internal use
devcoords | Returns device-coordinates and plot-region
diagtest | Calculate diagnostic tests for 2x2 table
Diff | Calculate diagnostic tests for 2x2 table
distribution | Simulate model
distribution.lvm | Simulate model
distribution<- | Simulate model
distribution<-.lvm | Simulate model
dmvn0 | For internal use
dsep | Check d-separation criterion
dsep.lvm | Check d-separation criterion

## -- E --

edgelabels | Define labels of graph
edgelabels<- | Define labels of graph
edgelabels<-.lvm | Define labels of graph
edgeList | Extract children or parent elements of object
effects | Extract pathways in model graph
effects.lvmfit | Extract pathways in model graph
endogenous | Extract variable names from latent variable model
endogenous.lvm | Extract variable names from latent variable model
endogenous.lvmfit | Extract variable names from latent variable model
endogenous.multigroup | Extract variable names from latent variable model
equivalence | Identify candidates of equivalent models
estimate | Estimation of functional of parameters
estimate.default | Estimation of functional of parameters
estimate.estimate | Estimation of functional of parameters
estimate.lvm | Estimation of parameters in a Latent Variable Model (lvm)
estimate.MAR | For internal use
eventTime | Add an observed event time outcome to a latent variable model.
eventTime<- | Add an observed event time outcome to a latent variable model.
exogenous | Extract variable names from latent variable model
exogenous.lvm | Extract variable names from latent variable model
exogenous.lvmfit | Extract variable names from latent variable model
exogenous.multigroup | Extract variable names from latent variable model
exogenous<- | Extract variable names from latent variable model
exogenous<-.lvm | Extract variable names from latent variable model
Expand | Create a Data Frame from All Combinations of Factors
expit | For internal use

## -- F --

finalize | For internal use
fixsome | For internal use
foldr | Split data into folds
forestplot | Add Confidence limits bar to plot
fplot | fplot
functional | Simulate model
functional.lvm | Simulate model
functional<- | Simulate model
functional<-.lvm | Simulate model

## -- G --

Gamma.lvm | Simulate model
gamma.lvm | Simulate model
gaussian.lvm | Simulate model
gaussian_logLik.lvm | For internal use
gethook | For internal use
getMplus | Read Mplus output
getoutcome | For internal use
getSAS | Read SAS output
gkgamma | Estimate probabilities in contingency table
GM2.lvm | Simulate model
GM3.lvm | Simulate model
gof | Extract model summaries and GOF statistics for model object
gof.lvmfit | Extract model summaries and GOF statistics for model object
Graph | Extract graph
graph2lvm | For internal use
Graph<- | Extract graph
Grep | Finds elements in vector or column-names in data.frame/matrix

## -- H --

heavytail | Simulate model
heavytail<- | Simulate model
hubble | Hubble data
hubble2 | Hubble data

## -- I --

IC | Extract i.i.d. decomposition (influence function) from model object
IC.default | Extract i.i.d. decomposition (influence function) from model object
id.lvm | Simulate model
Identical | For internal use
idplot | Identify points on plot
igraph.lvm | For internal use
iid | Extract i.i.d. decomposition from model object
images | Organize several image calls (for visualizing categorical data)
index | For internal use
index.lvm | For internal use
index.lvmfit | For internal use
index<- | For internal use
indoorenv | Data
information | Extract model summaries and GOF statistics for model object
information.lvmfit | Extract model summaries and GOF statistics for model object
intercept | Fix mean parameters in 'lvm'-object
intercept.lvm | Fix mean parameters in 'lvm'-object
intercept<- | Fix mean parameters in 'lvm'-object
intercept<-.lvm | Fix mean parameters in 'lvm'-object
intervention | Define intervention
intervention.lvm | Define intervention
intervention<- | Define intervention
intervention<-.lvm | Define intervention
intfix | Fix mean parameters in 'lvm'-object
intfix.lvm | Fix mean parameters in 'lvm'-object
intfix<- | Fix mean parameters in 'lvm'-object
intfix<-.lvm | Fix mean parameters in 'lvm'-object
Inverse | For internal use
IV | For internal use

## -- K --

kappa.multinomial | Estimate probabilities in contingency table
kappa.table | Estimate probabilities in contingency table
kill | Remove variables from (model) object.
kill<- | Remove variables from (model) object.
ksmooth2 | Plot/estimate surface

## -- L --

labels | Define labels of graph
labels.graphNEL | Define labels of graph
labels.lvm | Define labels of graph
labels.lvmfit | Define labels of graph
labels<- | Define labels of graph
labels<-.default | Define labels of graph
latent | Extract variable names from latent variable model
latent.lvm | Extract variable names from latent variable model
latent.lvmfit | Extract variable names from latent variable model
latent.multigroup | Extract variable names from latent variable model
latent<- | Extract variable names from latent variable model
latent<-.lvm | Extract variable names from latent variable model
lava | Estimation and simulation of latent variable models
lava.options | Set global options for 'lava'
lisrel | For internal use
loggamma.lvm | Simulate model
logit | For internal use
logit.lvm | Simulate model
logLik.lvmfit | Extract model summaries and GOF statistics for model object
lognormal.lvm | Simulate model
lvm | Initialize new latent variable model

## -- M --

makemissing | Create random missing data
manifest | Extract variable names from latent variable model
manifest.lvm | Extract variable names from latent variable model
manifest.lvmfit | Extract variable names from latent variable model
manifest.multigroup | Extract variable names from latent variable model
matrices | For internal use
measurement | Extract subset of latent variable model
measurement.error | Two-stage (non-linear) measurement error
merge | For internal use
merge.estimate | Estimation of functional of parameters
Missing | Missing value generator
Missing, | Missing value generator
Missing<- | Missing value generator
missingdata | Missing data example
missingModel | For internal use
mixture | Estimate mixture latent variable model.
Model | Extract model
Model<- | Extract model
modelPar | For internal use
modelsearch | Model searching
modelVar | For internal use
moments | Extract model summaries and GOF statistics for model object
moments.lvm | Extract model summaries and GOF statistics for model object
multigroup | For internal use
multinomial | Estimate probabilities in contingency table
multinomial.lvm | Simulate model
mvn.lvm | Simulate model
mvnmix | Estimate mixture latent variable model

## -- N --

na.pass0 | For internal use
NA2x | Convert to/from NA
nldata | Example data (nonlinear model)
nodecolor | Define labels of graph
nodecolor<- | Define labels of graph
nodecolor<-.default | Define labels of graph
none.lvm | Simulate model
nonlinear | Two-stage estimator (non-linear SEM)
nonlinear<- | Two-stage estimator (non-linear SEM)
normal.lvm | Simulate model
NR | Newton-Raphson method
nsem | Example SEM data (nonlinear)

## -- O --

odds | Calculate diagnostic tests for 2x2 table
offdiag | Create/extract 'reverse'-diagonal matrix or off-diagonal elements
offdiag<- | Create/extract 'reverse'-diagonal matrix or off-diagonal elements
offdiags | For internal use
ones.lvm | Simulate model
OR | Calculate diagnostic tests for 2x2 table
ordinal | Define variables as ordinal
ordinal<- | Define variables as ordinal
ordreg | Univariate cumulative link regression models

## -- P --

p.correct | Closed testing procedure
pairwise.diff | Create contrast matrix
parameter | For internal use
parameter<- | Add non-linear constraints to latent variable model
parents | Extract children or parent elements of object
pareto.lvm | Simulate model
parfix | For internal use
parfix<- | For internal use
parlabels | For internal use
parpos | Generic method for finding indeces of model parameters
pars | For internal use
pars.glm | For internal use
pars.lvm | For internal use
pars.lvmfit | For internal use
parsedesign | Create contrast matrix
partialcor | Calculate partial correlations
path | Extract pathways in model graph
path.lvm | Extract pathways in model graph
pcor | Polychoric correlation
PD | Dose response calculation for binomial regression models
pdfconvert | Convert pdf to raster format
plot.estimate | Plot method for 'estimate' objects
plot.lvm | Plot path diagram
plot.lvmfit | Plot path diagram
plot.sim | Plot method for simulation 'sim' objects
plotConf | Plot regression lines
plot_region | Add Confidence limits bar to plot
poisson.lvm | Simulate model
predict.lvm | Prediction in structural equation models
predict.lvmfit | Prediction in structural equation models
predictlvm | Predict function for latent variable models
print.lvm | Initialize new latent variable model
probit.lvm | Simulate model
procdata.lvmfit | For internal use
procformula | For internal use
profci | For internal use

## -- R --

randomslope | For internal use
randomslope<- | For internal use
Range.lvm | Define range constraints of parameters
Ratio | Calculate diagnostic tests for 2x2 table
rbind.Surv | Appending 'Surv' objects
regfix | Add regression association to latent variable model
regfix.lvm | Add regression association to latent variable model
regfix<- | Add regression association to latent variable model
regfix<-.lvm | Add regression association to latent variable model
regression | Add regression association to latent variable model
regression.lvm | Add regression association to latent variable model
regression<- | Add regression association to latent variable model
regression<-.lvm | Add regression association to latent variable model
reindex | For internal use
reorderdata | For internal use
revdiag | Create/extract 'reverse'-diagonal matrix or off-diagonal elements
revdiag<- | Create/extract 'reverse'-diagonal matrix or off-diagonal elements
riskcomp | Calculate diagnostic tests for 2x2 table
rmvar | Remove variables from (model) object.
rmvar<- | Remove variables from (model) object.
rmvn0 | For internal use
roots | Extract children or parent elements of object
rot2D | Performs a rotation in the plane
rot3D | Performs a rotation in the plane
rotate2 | Performs a rotation in the plane
rsq | For internal use

## -- S --

scheffe | Calculate simultaneous confidence limits by Scheffe's method
score | Extract model summaries and GOF statistics for model object
score.glm | For internal use
score.lvmfit | Extract model summaries and GOF statistics for model object
semdata | Example SEM data
Sequence.lvm | Simulate model
serotonin | Serotonin data
serotonin2 | Data
sim | Simulate model
sim.default | Monte Carlo simulation
sim.lvm | Simulate model
sim.lvmfit | Simulate model
simulate.lvm | Simulate model
simulate.lvmfit | Simulate model
sinks | Extract children or parent elements of object
spaghetti | Spaghetti plot
Specials | For internal use
stack.estimate | Stack estimating equations
starter.multigroup | For internal use
startvalues | For internal use
startvalues0 | For internal use
startvalues1 | For internal use
startvalues2 | For internal use
startvalues3 | For internal use
stdcoef | For internal use
student.lvm | Simulate model
subgraph | For internal use
subset.lvm | Extract subset of latent variable model
summary.lvm | Initialize new latent variable model
summary.sim | Summary method for 'sim' objects
surface | Plot/estimate surface

## -- T --

threshold.lvm | Simulate model
tigol | For internal use
timedep | Time-dependent parameters
timedep<- | Time-dependent parameters
toformula | Converts strings to formula
totaleffects | Extract pathways in model graph
tr | Trace operator
transform.lvm | Simulate model
transform<- | Simulate model
transform<-.lvm | Simulate model
trim | Trim string of (leading/trailing/all) white spaces
twindata | Twin menarche data
twostage | Two-stage estimator
twostage.estimate | Two-stage estimator (non-linear SEM)
twostage.lvm | Two-stage estimator (non-linear SEM)
twostage.lvm.mixture | Two-stage estimator (non-linear SEM)
twostage.lvmfit | Two-stage estimator (non-linear SEM)
twostageCV | Cross-validated two-stage estimator

## -- U --

uniform.lvm | Simulate model
updatelvm | For internal use

## -- V --

variance | Add covariance structure to Latent Variable Model
variance.lvm | Add covariance structure to Latent Variable Model
variance<- | Add covariance structure to Latent Variable Model
variance<-.lvm | Add covariance structure to Latent Variable Model
variances | For internal use
vars | Extract variable names from latent variable model
vars.lvm | Extract variable names from latent variable model
vars.lvmfit | Extract variable names from latent variable model
var_ic | Extract i.i.d. decomposition (influence function) from model object
vec | vec operator

## -- W --

wait | Wait for user input (keyboard or mouse)
waitclick | Wait for user input (keyboard or mouse)
weibull.lvm | Simulate model
Weights | For internal use
wkm | Weighted K-means
wrapvec | Wrap vector

## -- X --

x2NA | Convert to/from NA

## -- Z --

zibreg | Regression model for binomial data with unkown group of immortals

## -- misc --

%++% | Concatenation operator
%ni% | Matching operator (x not in y) oposed to the '%in%'-operator (x in y)