# Combining flattened contingency tables (and other tables)

This vignette demonstrates how flattened contingency tables can be combined into more complex tables. For starters, we create a few contingendy tables.

    tab.Class.Age <- xtabs(Freq~Class+Age,data=Titanic)
    tab.Survived.Class.Age <- xtabs(Freq~Survived+Class+Age,data=Titanic)
    tab.Survived.Class.Sex <- xtabs(Freq~Survived+Class+Sex,data=Titanic)
    tab.Survived.Class <- xtabs(Freq~Survived+Class,data=Titanic)
    tab.Survived.Sex <- xtabs(Freq~Survived+Sex,data=Titanic)
    tab.Survived.Age <- xtabs(Freq~Survived+Age,data=Titanic)
    tab.Survived <- xtabs(Freq~Survived,data=Titanic)

Then we load the memisc package:

    library(memisc)

Next, we create a few flattened contingency tables:

    (ftab.Survived.Age <- ftable(tab.Survived.Age))

             Age Child Adult
    Survived
    No              52  1438
    Yes             57   654

    (ftab.Survived.Sex <- ftable(tab.Survived.Sex))

             Sex Male Female
    Survived
    No           1364    126
    Yes           367    344

Since these tables have the same row variables, we can combine them columnwise:

    cbind(ftab.Survived.Age,
          ftab.Survived.Sex)

             Age Child Adult  Sex Male Female
    Survived
    No              52  1438      1364    126
    Yes             57   654       367    344

We can even add a simple table of counts:

    cbind(ftab.Survived.Age,
          ftab.Survived.Sex,
          Total=tab.Survived)

             Age Child Adult  Sex Male Female   Total
    Survived
    No              52  1438      1364    126    1490
    Yes             57   654       367    344     711

Of course, it is not enough to see such tables on screen, we also may need them in a presentable format, such as LaTeX or HTML. For the latter format we again have `format_html` and `show_html`. To see how this works, we first look at the individual `ftable`s:

    show_html(ftab.Survived.Age)

|  | Age
Survived |  | Child | Adult
No |  | 52 |  |  | 1438 |  |
Yes |  | 57 |  |  | 654 |  |

    show_html(ftab.Survived.Sex)

|  | Sex
Survived |  | Male | Female
No |  | 1364 |  |  | 126 |  |
Yes |  | 367 |  |  | 344 |  |

… and then at their combination

    show_html(
      cbind(ftab.Survived.Age,
          ftab.Survived.Sex,
          Total=tab.Survived)
    )

|  | Age | Sex |
|  | Child | Adult | Male | Female | Total
Survived | No | 52 |  |  | 1438 |  |  | 1364 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 1490 |  |
| Yes | 57 |  |  | 654 |  |  | 367 |  |  | 344 |  |  | 711 |  |

To make, in “knitr”, the creation of HTML-versions automatic one can use the following little trick:

    knit_print.ftable_matrix <-function(x,options,...)
      knitr::asis_output(
        format_html(x,
                    digits=if(length(options$ftable.digits))
                              options$ftable.digits
                           else 0,
                    ...))

Now we do not need to call `show_html` while using “knitr”:

    cbind(ftab.Survived.Age,
          ftab.Survived.Sex,
          Total=tab.Survived)

|  | Age | Sex |
|  | Child | Adult | Male | Female | Total
Survived | No | 52 |  |  | 1438 |  |  | 1364 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 1490 |  |
| Yes | 57 |  |  | 654 |  |  | 367 |  |  | 344 |  |  | 711 |  |

This can be undone by removing the method function of `knit_print`:

    rm(knit_print.ftable_matrix)

For `show_html` and `toLatex` there are some variants in how the variable names are positioned, for example:

    show_html(
      cbind(ftab.Survived.Age,
          ftab.Survived.Sex,
          Total=tab.Survived),
      varinfront=FALSE
    )

| Age | Sex |
Survived | Child | Adult | Male | Female | Total
No | 52 |  |  | 1438 |  |  | 1364 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 1490 |  |
Yes | 57 |  |  | 654 |  |  | 367 |  |  | 344 |  |  | 711 |  |

    show_html(
      cbind(ftab.Survived.Age,
          ftab.Survived.Sex,
          Total=tab.Survived),
      varontop=FALSE
    )

|  | Age: | Child | Adult | Sex: | Male | Female | Total
Survived | No |  | 52 |  |  | 1438 |  |  |  | 1364 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 1490 |  |
| Yes |  | 57 |  |  | 654 |  |  |  | 367 |  |  | 344 |  |  | 711 |  |

Of course it is also possible to combine flat contingency tables rowwise:

    ftab.Age.Survived <- ftable(tab.Survived.Age,col.vars=1)
    ftab.Sex.Survived <- ftable(tab.Survived.Sex,col.vars=1)
    ftab.Class.Survived <- ftable(tab.Survived.Class,col.vars=1)

    rbind(
      ftab.Age.Survived,
      ftab.Sex.Survived,
      ftab.Class.Survived,
      Total=tab.Survived
    )

           Survived   No Yes
    Age
    Child             52  57
    Adult           1438 654

    Sex
    Male            1364 367
    Female           126 344

    Class
    1st              122 203
    2nd              167 118
    3rd              528 178
    Crew             673 212

    Total           1490 711

    show_html(
      rbind(
        ftab.Age.Survived,
        ftab.Sex.Survived,
        ftab.Class.Survived,
        Total=tab.Survived
      )
    )

|  | Survived
|  | No | Yes
Age | Child | 52 |  |  | 57 |  |
| Adult | 1438 |  |  | 654 |  |
Sex | Male | 1364 |  |  | 367 |  |
| Female | 126 |  |  | 344 |  |
Class | 1st | 122 |  |  | 203 |  |
| 2nd | 167 |  |  | 118 |  |
| 3rd | 528 |  |  | 178 |  |
| Crew | 673 |  |  | 212 |  |
Total |  | 1490 |  |  | 711 |  |

It is also possible to create the `ftable`s from tables of percentages or generic tables (created with `genTable`) etc.

    ptab.Survived.Age<-percentages(Survived~Age,data=Titanic)
    ptab.Survived.Sex<-percentages(Survived~Sex,data=Titanic)
    ptab.Survived.Class<-percentages(Survived~Class,data=Titanic)

    fptab.Age.Survived <- ftable(ptab.Survived.Age,col.vars=1)
    fptab.Sex.Survived <- ftable(ptab.Survived.Sex,col.vars=1)
    fptab.Class.Survived <- ftable(ptab.Survived.Class,col.vars=1)

    show_html(
      rbind(
        fptab.Age.Survived,
        fptab.Sex.Survived,
        fptab.Class.Survived
      ),
      digits=1
    )

|  | Survived
|  | No | Yes
Age | Child | 47 | . | 7 | 52 | . | 3
| Adult | 68 | . | 7 | 31 | . | 3
Sex | Male | 78 | . | 8 | 21 | . | 2
| Female | 26 | . | 8 | 73 | . | 2
Class | 1st | 37 | . | 5 | 62 | . | 5
| 2nd | 58 | . | 6 | 41 | . | 4
| 3rd | 74 | . | 8 | 25 | . | 2
| Crew | 76 | . | 0 | 24 | . | 0

It is also possible to combine `rbind` and `cbind`:

    tab.Age <- xtabs(Freq~Age,data=Titanic)
    tab.Sex <- xtabs(Freq~Sex,data=Titanic)
    tab.Class <- xtabs(Freq~Class,data=Titanic)

    show_html(
      rbind(
        cbind(fptab.Age.Survived,Total=tab.Age),
        cbind(fptab.Sex.Survived,Total=tab.Sex),
        cbind(fptab.Class.Survived,Total=tab.Class)
      ),
      digits=c(1,0) # One digit after dot for percentages
                    # no digits for total counts.
    )

|  | Survived |
|  | No | Yes | Total
Age | Child | 47 | . | 7 | 52 | . | 3 | 109 |  |
| Adult | 68 | . | 7 | 31 | . | 3 | 2092 |  |
Sex | Male | 78 | . | 8 | 21 | . | 2 | 1731 |  |
| Female | 26 | . | 8 | 73 | . | 2 | 470 |  |
Class | 1st | 37 | . | 5 | 62 | . | 5 | 325 |  |
| 2nd | 58 | . | 6 | 41 | . | 4 | 285 |  |
| 3rd | 74 | . | 8 | 25 | . | 2 | 706 |  |
| Crew | 76 | . | 0 | 24 | . | 0 | 885 |  |

The same construct as LaTeX code:

    toLatex(
      rbind(
        cbind(fptab.Age.Survived,Total=tab.Age),
        cbind(fptab.Sex.Survived,Total=tab.Sex),
        cbind(fptab.Class.Survived,Total=tab.Class)
      ),
      digits=c(1,0) # One digit after dot for percentages
                    # no digits for total counts.
    )

    \begin{tabular}{llD{.}{.}{1}D{.}{.}{1}cD{.}{.}{0}}
    \toprule
    &&\multicolumn{2}{c}{Survived}&&\\
    \cmidrule{3-4}
    &&\multicolumn{1}{c}{No}&\multicolumn{1}{c}{Yes}&&\multicolumn{1}{c}{Total}\\
    \midrule
    Age & Child & 47.7 & 52.3 &  & 109\\
     & Adult & 68.7 & 31.3 &  & 2092\\
    \midrule Sex & Male & 78.8 & 21.2 &  & 1731\\
     & Female & 26.8 & 73.2 &  & 470\\
    \midrule Class & 1st & 37.5 & 62.5 &  & 325\\
     & 2nd & 58.6 & 41.4 &  & 285\\
     & 3rd & 74.8 & 25.2 &  & 706\\
     & Crew & 76.0 & 24.0 &  & 885\\
    \bottomrule
    \end{tabular}