require("fitdistrplus")
nbboot <- 100
nbboot <- 10
set.seed(123) # here just to make random sampling reproducible

nsample <- 100
nsample <- 10

visualize <- FALSE # TRUE for manual tests with visualization of results

# (1) basic fit of a gamma distribution by maximum likelihood estimation
#
data(groundbeef)
serving <- groundbeef$serving
fitg <- fitdist(serving, "gamma")
summary(fitg)
plot(fitg)
cdfcomp(fitg, addlegend=FALSE)

#check names
names(fitdist(serving, "gamma", optim.method="Brent", lower=0, upper=10, fix.arg=list(shape=2))$estimate)
names(fitdist(serving, "gamma", optim.method="Nelder-Mead")$estimate)
names(fitdist(serving, "gamma", optim.method="BFGS")$estimate)
# names(fitdist(serving, "gamma", optim.method="CG", start=list(shape=4, rate=1/20))$estimate)
if(visualize) {  # check ERROR on aarch64-apple-darwin20.4.0 (64-bit) (2021/05/12)
  names(fitdist(serving, "gamma", optim.method="L-BFGS-B", lower=0)$estimate)
}


# (7) custom optimization function
#

#create the sample
mysample <- rexp(nsample, 5)
mystart <- list(rate=8)

res1 <- fitdist(mysample, dexp, start= mystart, optim.method="Nelder-Mead")

#show the result
summary(res1)

#the warning tell us to use optimise, because the Nelder-Mead is not adequate.

#to meet the standard 'fn' argument and specific name arguments, we wrap optimize, 
myoptimize <- function(fn, par, ...) 
{
  res <- optimize(f=fn, ..., maximum=FALSE)  
  #assume the optimization function minimize
  
  standardres <- c(res, convergence=0, value=res$objective, 
                   par=res$minimum, hessian=NA)
  
  return(standardres)
}

#call fitdist with a 'custom' optimization function
res2 <- fitdist(mysample, dexp, start=mystart, custom.optim=myoptimize, 
                interval=c(0, 100))

#show the result
summary(res2)


# (8) custom optimization function - another example with the genetic algorithm
#
if(any(installed.packages()[,"Package"] == "rgenoud") && visualize)
{
  
  #set a sample
  fit1 <- fitdist(serving, "gamma")
  summary(fit1)
  
  #wrap genoud function rgenoud package
  mygenoud <- function(fn, par, ...) 
  {
    require("rgenoud")
    res <- genoud(fn, starting.values=par, ...)        
    standardres <- c(res, convergence=0, counts=NULL)
    
    return(standardres)
  }
  
  #call fitdist with a 'custom' optimization function
  fit2 <- fitdist(serving, "gamma", custom.optim=mygenoud, nvars=2, start=as.list(fit1$estimate),
                  Domains=cbind(c(0, 0), c(10, 10)), boundary.enforcement=1, 
                  print.level=0, hessian=TRUE)
  
  summary(fit2)
}

# (11) Fit of a Pareto distribution by numerical moment matching estimation
#
if(any(installed.packages()[,"Package"] == "actuar") && visualize)
{
  require("actuar")
  #simulate a sample
  x4 <- rpareto(nsample, 6, 2)
  
  #empirical raw moment
  memp <- function(x, order)
    ifelse(order == 1, mean(x), sum(x^order)/length(x))
  
  #fit
  fP <- fitdist(x4, "pareto", method="mme", order=c(1, 2), memp="memp", 
                start=list(shape=10, scale=10), lower=1, upper=Inf)
  summary(fP)
  plot(fP)
  
}


# (14) scaling problem - too small values
#
if (visualize) # LONG TO RUN ON CRAN
{
  x2 <- c(-0.00707717, -0.000947418, -0.00189753,
          -0.000474947, -0.00190205, -0.000476077, 0.00237812, 0.000949668,
          0.000474496, 0.00284226, -0.000473149, -0.000473373, 0, 0, 0.00283688,
          -0.0037843, -0.0047506, -0.00238379, -0.00286807, 0.000478583,
          0.000478354, -0.00143575, 0.00143575, 0.00238835, 0.0042847,
          0.00237248, -0.00142281, -0.00142484, 0, 0.00142484, 0.000948767,
          0.00378609, -0.000472478, 0.000472478, -0.0014181, 0, -0.000946522,
          -0.00284495, 0, 0.00331832, 0.00283554, 0.00141476, -0.00141476,
          -0.00188947, 0.00141743, -0.00236351, 0.00236351, 0.00235794,
          0.00235239, -0.000940292, -0.0014121, -0.00283019, 0.000472255,
          0.000472032, 0.000471809, -0.0014161, 0.0014161, -0.000943842,
          0.000472032, -0.000944287, -0.00094518, -0.00189304, -0.000473821,
          -0.000474046, 0.00331361, -0.000472701, -0.000946074, 0.00141878,
          -0.000945627, -0.00189394, -0.00189753, -0.0057143, -0.00143369,
          -0.00383326, 0.00143919, 0.000479272, -0.00191847, -0.000480192,
          0.000960154, 0.000479731, 0, 0.000479501, 0.000958313, -0.00383878,
          -0.00240674, 0.000963391, 0.000962464, -0.00192586, 0.000481812,
          -0.00241138, -0.00144963)
  
  for(i in 6:0)
  {
    cat("\nscaling", 10^i, "\n")
    res <- try(mledist(x2*10^i, "cauchy"), silent=TRUE)
    if(inherits(res, "try-error"))
      print(res)
    else
    {
      cat("estimate\n")
      print(res$estimate)
      cat("Hessian\n")
      print(res$hessian)
    }
  }
}

# (15) scaling problem - too big values
#
if (visualize) # LONG TO RUN ON CRAN
{
  x1 <- c(
    1401928684, 1413455609, 1432458425, 1436910475, 1494883250, 1565770323, 1577486458,
    1568908053, 1606424896, 1632264979, 1780495643, 1865525923, 2035689865, 2141429306,
    2335443964, 2465661689, 2563368221, 2845012431, 2949890881, 3180645942, 3309009836,
    3618581152, 4109197451, 4064662257, 4028375795, 4176781983, 4303024833, 4493470109
  )
  
  
  for(i in 0:5)
  {
    cat("\nscaling", 10^(-2*i), "\n")
    res <- mledist(x1*10^(-2*i), "norm")
    Hm1 <- try(solve(res$hessian), silent=TRUE)
    if(inherits(Hm1, "try-error"))
      print(Hm1)
    else
    {
      cat("estimate\n")
      print(res$estimate)
      cat("Hessian\n")
      print(res$hessian)
      cat("inverse Hessian\n")
      print(Hm1)
    }
  }
  
  fitdist(x1, "norm")
  fitdist(x1*1e-6, "norm")
}

# (16) Fit of a lognormal distribution on acute toxicity values of endosulfan for
# nonarthropod invertebrates, using maximum likelihood estimation
# to estimate what is called a species sensitivity distribution 
# (SSD) in ecotoxicology, followed by estimation of the 5 percent quantile value of 
# the fitted distribution, what is called the 5 percent hazardous concentration (HC5)
# in ecotoxicology, with its two-sided 95 percent confidence interval calculated by 
# parametric bootstrap
#
data(endosulfan)
ATV <- subset(endosulfan, group == "NonArthroInvert")$ATV
log10ATV <- log10(subset(endosulfan, group == "NonArthroInvert")$ATV)
fln <- fitdist(log10ATV, "norm")

quantile(fln, probs = 0.05)


# (17) Fit of a triangular distribution using Cramer-von Mises or
# Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance
# 
if(any(installed.packages()[,"Package"] == "mc2d") && visualize)
{
  require("mc2d")
  t <- rtriang(100,min=5,mode=6,max=10) # nsample not used : does not converge with a too small sample
  fCvM <- fitdist(t,"triang",method="mge",start = list(min=4, mode=6,max=9),gof="CvM")
  fKS <- fitdist(t,"triang",method="mge",start = list(min=4, mode=6,max=9),gof="KS")
  cdfcomp(list(fCvM,fKS))
}

# (18) gumbel distribution
#
dgumbel <- function(x, a, b) 1/b*exp((a-x)/b)*exp(-exp((a-x)/b))
pgumbel <- function(q, a, b) exp(-exp((a-q)/b))
qgumbel <- function(p, a, b) a-b*log(-log(p))

data(danishuni)
fitdist(danishuni$Loss, "gumbel", start=list(a=5, b=10))


# (19) check the 'start' argument
#
if (FALSE) # NO INTEREST WITHOUT VISUALIZATION OF THE RESULT
{
  #create the sample
  mysample <- rexp(nsample, 5)
  mystart2 <- list(rate2=8)
  mystart3 <- list(8)
  
  try( fitdist(mysample, dexp, start= mystart2, method="mle") ) 
  try( fitdist(mysample, dexp, start= mystart3, method="mle") ) 
  
  try( fitdist(mysample, dexp, start= mystart2, method="mme") ) 
  try( fitdist(mysample, dexp, start= mystart3, method="mme") ) 
  
  try( fitdist(mysample, dexp, start= mystart2, method="qme", probs=1/2) ) 
  try( fitdist(mysample, dexp, start= mystart3, method="qme", probs=1/2) ) 
  
  try( fitdist(mysample, dexp, start= mystart2, method="mge", gof="AD") ) 
  try( fitdist(mysample, dexp, start= mystart3, method="mge", gof="AD") ) 
  
}

# (20) example with dexgauss
# would require to suggest the package gamlss.dist in the Description file
#
#if(any(installed.packages()[,"Package"] == "gamlss.dist"))
#{
#    require("gamlss.dist")
#    a=rexGAUS(100,mu=500,sigma=50,nu=75)
#    fitdist(a,dexGAUS,start=list(mu=median(a),sigma=sqrt(var(a)/2),nu=sqrt(var(a)/2)))
#}


# (21) check the 'keepdata' argument
#
if (visualize) # REQUIRES VISUALIZATION OF THE RESULTS
{
  #create the sample
  x <- rexp(1e6, 5)
  summary(x)
  f1 <- fitdist(x, "exp", keepdata=FALSE)
  f2 <- fitdist(x, "exp", keepdata=TRUE)
  
  par(mfrow=c(1,2))
  cdfcomp(f1)
  cdfcomp(f2)
}

# (22) relevant example for zero modified geometric distribution
#
dzmgeom <- function(x, p1, p2)
{
  p1 * (x == 0) + (1-p1)*dgeom(x-1, p2)
}
pzmgeom <- function(q, p1, p2)
{
  p1 * (q >= 0) + (1-p1)*pgeom(q-1, p2)
}
rzmgeom <- function(n, p1, p2)
{
  u <- rbinom(n, 1, 1-p1) #prob to get zero is p1
  u[u != 0] <- rgeom(sum(u != 0), p2)+1
  u
}

x2 <- rzmgeom(nsample, 1/2, 1/10)
table(x2)
#this is the MLE which converges almost surely and in distribution to the true value.
initp1 <- function(x) list(p1=mean(x == 0))

fitdist(x2, "zmgeom", start=list(p1=1/2, p2=1/2))

f2 <- fitdist(x2, "zmgeom", fix.arg=initp1, start=list(p2=1/2))
print(f2)
summary(f2)

f2 <- fitdist(x2, "zmgeom", fix.arg=list(p1=1/2), start=list(p2=1/2))
print(f2)
summary(f2)

# (23) check the use of weights with MLE
#
x <- rpois(nsample, 10)
xtab <- table(x)
xval <- sort(unique(x))
f1 <- fitdist(x, "pois")
f2 <- fitdist(xval, "pois", weights = xtab)

f1$estimate
f2$estimate #should be identical


# (24) check the use of weights with other methods
#

x <- rpois(nsample, 10)
xtab <- table(x)
xval <- sort(unique(x))
(f1 <- fitdist(x, "norm", method = "mle"))
(f2 <- fitdist(xval, "norm", weights = xtab, method = "mle"))

(f1 <- fitdist(x, "norm", method = "mme"))
(f2 <- fitdist(xval, "norm", weights = xtab, method = "mme"))

(f1 <- fitdist(x, "norm", method = "qme", probs=c(1/4, 3/4)))
(f2 <- fitdist(xval, "norm", method = "qme", weights = xtab, probs=c(1/4, 3/4) ))

fitdist(x, "norm", method="mge", gof = "CvM")
try(fitdist(xval, "norm", method="mge", gof = "CvM", weights = xtab)) # not yet developped


# (24b) check the use of weights with qme with a discrete distribution
#
x <- rpois(nsample, 10)
xtab <- table(x)
xval <- sort(unique(x))
(f1 <- fitdist(x, "pois", method = "qme", probs=c(1/2)))
(f2 <- fitdist(xval, "pois", method = "qme", weights = xtab, probs=c(1/2) )) # similar to f1

fitdist(xval, "pois", method = "qme", weights = xtab, probs=c(1/2), optim.method="SANN", control=list(maxit=1000)) #
fitdist(x, "pois", method = "qme", probs=c(1/2), optim.method="SANN", control=list(maxit=1000)) # should be similar

# should give similar results for big samples
