/** @file ptr.h
 *
 *  Reference-counted pointer template. */

/*
 *  GiNaC Copyright (C) 1999-2025 Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
 *
 *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *  (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
 */

#ifndef GINAC_PTR_H
#define GINAC_PTR_H

#include "assertion.h"

#include <cstddef> // for size_t
#include <functional>
#include <iosfwd>

namespace GiNaC {

/** Base class for reference-counted objects. */
class refcounted {
public:
	refcounted() noexcept : refcount(0) {}

	unsigned int add_reference() noexcept { return ++refcount; }
	unsigned int remove_reference() noexcept { return --refcount; }
	unsigned int get_refcount() const noexcept { return refcount; }
	void set_refcount(unsigned int r) noexcept { refcount = r; }

private:
	unsigned int refcount; ///< reference counter
};


/** Class of (intrusively) reference-counted pointers that support
 *  copy-on-write semantics.
 *
 *  Requirements for T:
 *    must support the refcounted interface (usually by being derived
 *      from refcounted)
 *    T* T::duplicate() member function (only if makewriteable() is used) */
template <class T> class ptr {
	friend struct std::less<ptr<T>>;

	// NB: This implementation of reference counting is not thread-safe.
	// The reference counter needs to be incremented/decremented atomically,
	// and makewritable() requires locking.

public:
	// no default ctor: a ptr is never unbound

	/** Bind ptr to newly created object, start reference counting. */
	ptr(T *t) noexcept : p(t) { GINAC_ASSERT(p); p->set_refcount(1); }

	/** Bind ptr to existing reference-counted object. */
	explicit ptr(T &t) noexcept : p(&t) { p->add_reference(); }

	ptr(const ptr & other) noexcept : p(other.p) { p->add_reference(); }

	~ptr()
	{
		if (p->remove_reference() == 0)
			delete p;
	}

	ptr &operator=(const ptr & other)
	{
		// NB1: Must first add reference to "other", since other might be *this.
		// NB2: Cache other.p, because if "other" is a subexpression of p,
		//      deleting p will also invalidate "other".
		T *otherp = other.p;
		otherp->add_reference();
		if (p->remove_reference() == 0)
			delete p;
		p = otherp;
		return *this;
	}

	T &operator*() const noexcept { return *p; }
	T *operator->() const noexcept { return p; }

	friend inline T *get_pointer(const ptr & x) noexcept { return x.p; }

	/** Announce your intention to modify the object bound to this ptr.
	 *  This ensures that the object is not shared by any other ptrs. */
	void makewritable()
	{
		if (p->get_refcount() > 1) {
			T *p2 = p->duplicate();
			p2->set_refcount(1);
			p->remove_reference();
			p = p2;
		}
	}

	/** Swap the bound object of this ptr with another ptr. */
	void swap(ptr & other) noexcept
	{
		T *t = p;
		p = other.p;
		other.p = t;
	}

	// ptr<>s are always supposed to be bound to a valid object, so we don't
	// provide support for "if (p)", "if (!p)", "if (p==0)" and "if (p!=0)".
	// We do, however, provide support for comparing ptr<>s with other ptr<>s
	// to different (probably derived) types and raw pointers.

	template <class U>
	bool operator==(const ptr<U> & rhs) const noexcept { return p == get_pointer(rhs); }

	template <class U>
	bool operator!=(const ptr<U> & rhs) const noexcept { return p != get_pointer(rhs); }

	template <class U>
	inline friend bool operator==(const ptr & lhs, const U * rhs) noexcept { return lhs.p == rhs; }

	template <class U>
	inline friend bool operator!=(const ptr & lhs, const U * rhs) noexcept { return lhs.p != rhs; }

	template <class U>
	inline friend bool operator==(const U * lhs, const ptr & rhs) noexcept { return lhs == rhs.p; }

	template <class U>
	inline friend bool operator!=(const U * lhs, const ptr & rhs) noexcept { return lhs != rhs.p; }

	inline friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const ptr<T> & rhs)
	{
		os << rhs.p;
		return os;
	}

private:
	T *p;
};

} // namespace GiNaC


namespace std {

/** Specialization of std::less for ptr<T> to enable ordering of ptr<T>
 *  objects (e.g. for the use as std::map keys). */
template <class T> struct less<GiNaC::ptr<T>> {
	bool operator()(const GiNaC::ptr<T> &lhs, const GiNaC::ptr<T> &rhs) const
	{
		return less<T*>()(lhs.p, rhs.p);
	}
};

} // namespace std

#endif // ndef GINAC_PTR_H
